Indian sandalwood, known scientifically as Centella album, is one of the most prized woods in the world. The value of sandalwood primarily comes from a single portion of the log—the dark inner core—that is rich in fragrance and essential oils. Today, the cost for a kilogram of Indian sandalwood can reach up to $200.
The sought-after aroma of sandalwood is derived from its heartwood. When distilled, the oil produces a distinct sweet woodsy fragrance that lingers for decades. This oil is widely used in various products such as:
Natively found in South India, Indian sandalwood has been used for centuries, not only for its scent but also in wood carvings and traditional medicines. In various religions, sandalwood is considered a sacred tree. Its contribution to cultural and religious practices cannot be overstated.
The distillation of sandalwood involves several steps, including the manual extraction of heartwood from sapwood. Each log is meticulously processed to yield quality heartwood, which is the most valuable part of the wood. The following outlines the stages of sandalwood distillation:
It takes a team approximately a week to distill one metric ton of pure sandalwood oil, and each batch is rigorously tested for quality before it is distributed.
As of 2017, the price of Indian sandalwood oil has doubled and continues to rise due to increasing demand. The market for sandalwood is projected to exceed $165 million by 2027. Out of approximately ten species of sandalwood, Indian and Australian sandalwoods possess the highest commercial value.
Some key points regarding the market include:
| Category | Value |
|---|---|
| Cost of 10 grams of sandalwood oil | 5,500 rupees (approx. $74) |
| Estimated market size by 2027 | $165 million |
| Price increase per auction | 10-20% |
Despite the lucrative market, India is facing a critical supply shortage of sandalwood. The restrictions on planting and harvesting, alongside high demand, have led to significant challenges, including:
The Karnataka state government has initiated the “Grow More Sandalwood” program to encourage sustainable farming practices among local farmers. However, the burden of protection and bureaucratic regulations continues to hinder large-scale plantation efforts.
Indian sandalwood represents a unique intersection of natural beauty, cultural significance, and economic value. As the demand continues to grow, understanding the complexities surrounding its cultivation and market dynamics will be essential for restoring its availability and ensuring its legacy in the global fragrance industry.
